How is nutrition in plants? why important, Plants prepare their own food through the action of photosynthesis, hence they are called 'autotrophs'. They turn sunlight into chemical energy. In the presence of plant chlorophyll carbon dioxide produces its food through water and sunlight.Nutrition in plants occurs in two ways:
1) Autotrophic
2) Heterotrophic
Since nutrition is being discussed only in plants in this article, therefore only the autotrophic nutrition will be studied here.
- Autotrophic nutrition
In autotrophic nutrition, organisms make their own food in the presence of simple sunlight, such as carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight. Organic food is made from inorganic substances in it.
Autotrophic nutrition is found in green plants, and for this reason they are called 'autotrophs'. A pigment of green is found in the self-employed, which is called 'Chlorophyll'. Chlorophyll helps to absorb sunlight. In the presence of this sunlight, the plant produces its food through the action of photosynthesis. The food prepared by the plants is consumed by both plants and animals.
Necessary conditions for photosynthesis
Essential conditions for photosynthesis:
1) Sunlight
2) Chlorophyll
3) Carbon dioxide
4) Water
Some experiments have been made to show the inevitability of these conditions or elements for the photosynthesis. By these experiments it proves that green leaves produce starch in the form of food and when the starch is added to the solution of iodine, it becomes cloudy in blue-black color.
- An experiment showing the need for sunlight in photosynthesis
• Take any plant containing green leaves and place it in the dark part so that the starch stored in the leaves should be used by the plant and the leaves become completely free of starch or become d-starch.
• Now the middle part of a leaf should be covered with aluminum sheets (Foil) in such a way that a part of the leaf is covered and the rest is open for sunlight. Aluminum sheets should be tightly tied so that light can not penetrate the covered part of the leaf.
• Now keep this plant in the sunlight for three to four days.
• After that break the partially covered leaf from the aluminum sheet (Foil) and remove the aluminum sheet. Boil this leaf in water so that the cell membrane of the leaf cells is removed and the iodine solution can penetrate well in the leaf.
• Before checking the presence of starch in the leaf, the chlorophyll will be removed from the leaf, otherwise it can cause obstruction in the investigation.
• Now put this leaf in the pot of alcohol and put the pot of alcohol in the water tub.
• Heat the water tub, so that the alcohol inside the alcohol vessel will also boil and the chlorophyll will be removed from the leaf and the leaf will become colorless.
• Take out the spring leaf and wash it with hot water.
• Insert iodine solution on a colorless leaf and see the change in its color.
• On doing so, the part of the leaf which was covered with aluminum sheet does not change in blue-black color. This indicates that starch is not present in this part of the leaf, because this part of the leaf has not received the sunlight and hence the process of photosynthesis has not produced starch.
• The open part of the leaf turns blue and green on the mixture of iodine solution. This shows that starch is present in this part of the leaf. Starch is formed in this part of the leaf, because this part has received sunlight.
• So it becomes clear that without the presence of sunlight, the process of photosynthesis in the plant does not produce starch.
- An experiment showing the need for chlorophyll in photosynthesis
Take a croton / bamalghote plant in the pot, because its leaves are partially white and partly green.
• Put it in dark part for three days so that its leaves can be de-starch.
• Now take this plant out and keep it in the sunlight for three to four days.
• Break the leaf and boil it in water for a few minutes. Now boil this leaf in alcohol so that its green color is removed.
• Wash this colorless leaf with hot water.
• Insert iodine solution on a colorless leaf and see the change in its color.
• On doing so, the part of the leaf which was white does not change in blue-black color. This shows that starch is not present in this part of the leaf. It is also clear that without the appearance of chlorophyll, the synthesis of photosynthesis in the plant does not produce starch.
• The inner part of the leaf, which was green, turns blue and green on the mixture of iodine. This shows that starch is present in this part of the leaf. This starch is produced in this part of the leaf because it is found in chlorophyll in this part. Therefore, chloroplasts are essential for the action of photosynthesis.
- An experiment indicating the need for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
• Take the long and narrow leaves, and place it in the dark part for three days, so that its leaves can be de-starch.
• Take a glass bottle containing wide mouth and put some solution of potassium hydroxide in it. This solution will absorb all the carbon dioxide present in the air inside the bottle.
• Close the bottle with a rubber cork and apply a small incision in the cork.
• Put the D-starch leaf, which is still attached to your plant, between the incisions of the cork. The leaf should be inserted in such a way that its upper half remains out of the bottle.
• Now keep this plant in the sunlight for three to four days. In this situation, the upper half of the leaf gets carbon dioxide from the air but no carbon dioxide is found inside the bottle.
• Break the leaf out of the bottle and break it out of the bottle. Boil in alcohol and remove the green color of the leaf.
• Wash the colorless leaf with water and pour the iodine solution on it. This will change the color of the leaf.• The lower part of the leaf, which was inside the bottle, does not change in blue-black color. It shows that no starch is present in this part of the leaf. Therefore, on this basis, we can conclude that carbon dioxide is necessary for the production of starch in plants through the action of photosynthesis.
• The upper part of the leaf, which was outside the bottle, becomes cloudy in blue-black color. This shows that starch is present in this part of the leaf.
- How do plants get water for photosynthesis?
Plants get water from the soil for synthesis. Water is absorbed by soil from the roots of the plant and is transported to the leaves through the xylem, which is used by the plants in the process of photosynthesis.
Energy is produced in the form of 'carbohydrate' by using plant carbon dioxide and water. Other elements needed for the plant, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and magnesium, are supplied by soil.
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